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            "id": 348533344,
            "type": "articles",
            "title": "Novel approaches to model effects of subconjunctival blebs on flow pressure to improve clinical grading systems after glaucoma drainage surgery",
            "date": "2019-10-24",
            "authors": "Bouremel, Yann; Lee, Richard M. H.; Eames, Ian; Brocchini, Steve; Khaw, Peng Tee",
            "inPress": false,
            "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0221715",
            "abstract": "Clinical grading systems following glaucoma filtration surgery do not include any effects of the bleb on the intra-ocular pressure and are relatively subjective, therefore carrying the risk of inter and/or intra-observer variability. The main objective of the study is to quantify and model the effect of subconjunctival bleb on flow pressure for assessment of clinical grading following glaucoma surgery. Subconjunctival bleb was created by inserting a tube into ex vivo rabbit eyes via an ab externo approach through the anterior chamber and exiting into the subconjunctival space. Sterile dyed water was injected through the tube into the developing bleb. For the in vitro approach a silicone bleb was created by clamping a circular silicone sheet, injecting dyed water through a fixed resistance outlet tube. Photographic measurements of the bleb height, planform area and pressure were taken as a function of time. Clinical blebs were also collected over a few months. Mathematical algorithm software was used to build the bleb model. Bleb height and volume increase as pressure in the bleb increases. The bleb planform area tended to a constant determined by the section of conjunctiva prior to shunt insertion. These increases were in accordance with the bleb model developed in the Appendix. They show that the pressure in the bleb is related to the resistance of the outflow. The linearity of clinical grading systems is reviewed and a new grading approach is proposed. The pressure in the bleb has a strong dependence on bleb extent, height and a weak dependence on conjunctival thickness. The pressure in a bleb can be estimated from bleb height, radius, and flow rate inlet in agreement with the bleb flow model. These results provide support for an improved bleb categorization system.",
            "ILLURL": "https://illiad.mst.edu/illiad/illiad.dll/OpenURL?genre=article&aulast=Bouremel&issn=1932-6203&isbn=&title=PLoS%20ONE&atitle=Novel%20approaches%20to%20model%20effects%20of%20subconjunctival%20blebs%20on%20flow%20pressure%20to%20improve%20clinical%20grading%20systems%20after%20glaucoma%20drainage%20surgery&volume=14&part=&issue=10&spage=e0221715&epage=&date=2019-10-24",
            "pmid": "31647822",
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        {
            "id": 344257841,
            "type": "articles",
            "title": "Validation of a simple extraction procedure for bisphenol A identification from human plasma",
            "date": "2019-10-03",
            "authors": "Wiraagni, Idha Arfianti; Mohd, Mustafa Ali; bin Abd Rashid, Rusdi; Haron, Didi Erwandi bin Mohamad",
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            "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0221774",
            "abstract": "The general population is exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) orally, parenterally, transdermally, and environmentally as a result of the use of BPA in food packaging, plastics, and personal care products. The majority of the population nowadays (91-99%) has detectable levels of BPA inside their body. In this study, we successfully performed an inexpensive, rapid, and simple protein precipitation procedure for extraction of BPA from human plasma, followed by analysis by LC-MS/MS. This method was specifically developed for handling large numbers of samples with minimum cost and volume of sample. The developed method was accurate, precise, and reproducible for quantification of BPA from human plasma samples in the concentration range of 10-2000 ng/mL. The method was performed on samples from 150 healthy volunteers who were enrolled in the study. The mean of observed BPA level was 2.22 ± 9.91 ng/mL. Higher BPA levels were observed for females compare to that of males (p-value = 0.002), the BPA levels were higher in participants 33 years of age and older compared to those less than 33 years of age (p-value = 0.000), then the BPA levels higher in subjects with tap water as source of drinking (p-value = 0.005). This method may be valuable for general risk assessment of BPA for a large and varied population because of its efficiency and economical aspects.",
            "ILLURL": "https://illiad.mst.edu/illiad/illiad.dll/OpenURL?genre=article&aulast=Wiraagni&issn=1932-6203&isbn=&title=PLoS%20ONE&atitle=Validation%20of%20a%20simple%20extraction%20procedure%20for%20bisphenol%20A%20identification%20from%20human%20plasma&volume=14&part=&issue=10&spage=e0221774&epage=&date=2019-10-03",
            "pmid": "31581189",
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        {
            "id": 348533407,
            "type": "articles",
            "title": "Global incidence of prostate cancer in developing and developed countries with changing age structures",
            "date": "2019-10-24",
            "authors": "Teoh, Jeremy Y. C.; Hirai, Hoyee W.; Ho, Jason M. W.; Chan, Felix C. H.; Tsoi, Kelvin K. F.; Ng, Chi Fai",
            "inPress": false,
            "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0221775",
            "abstract": "To investigate the global incidence of prostate cancer with special attention to the changing age structures. Data regarding the cancer incidence and population statistics were retrieved from the International Agency for Research on Cancer in World Health Organization. Eight developing and developed jurisdictions in Asia and the Western countries were selected for global comparison. Time series were constructed based on the cancer incidence rates from 1988 to 2007. The incidence rate of the population aged ≥ 65 was adjusted by the increasing proportion of elderly population, and was defined as the \"aging-adjusted incidence rate\". Cancer incidence and population were then projected to 2030. The aging-adjusted incidence rates of prostate cancer in Asia (Hong Kong, Japan and China) and the developing Western countries (Costa Rica and Croatia) had increased progressively with time. In the developed Western countries (the United States, the United Kingdom and Sweden), we observed initial increases in the aging-adjusted incidence rates of prostate cancer, which then gradually plateaued and even decreased with time. Projections showed that the aging-adjusted incidence rates of prostate cancer in Asia and the developing Western countries were expected to increase in much larger extents than the developed Western countries.",
            "ILLURL": "https://illiad.mst.edu/illiad/illiad.dll/OpenURL?genre=article&aulast=Teoh&issn=1932-6203&isbn=&title=PLoS%20ONE&atitle=Global%20incidence%20of%20prostate%20cancer%20in%20developing%20and%20developed%20countries%20with%20changing%20age%20structures&volume=14&part=&issue=10&spage=e0221775&epage=&date=2019-10-24",
            "pmid": "31647819",
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        {
            "id": 347674791,
            "type": "articles",
            "title": "Widespread chytrid infection across frogs in the Peruvian Amazon suggests critical role for low elevation in pathogen spread and persistence",
            "date": "2019-10-16",
            "authors": "Russell, Imani D.; Larson, Joanna G.; von May, Rudolf; Holmes, Iris A.; James, Timothy Y.; Davis Rabosky, Alison R.",
            "inPress": false,
            "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0222718",
            "abstract": "Outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases are becoming more frequent as climate changes wildlife communities at unprecedented rates, driving population declines and raising concerns for species conservation. One critical disease is the global pandemic of chytridiomycosis in frogs, which can be caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Although there is clear evidence for Bd-induced mortality across high-elevation frog communities, little attention is given to the role of lowlands in Bd's persistence and spread because low elevations are assumed to be too warm to harbor significant levels of Bd. Here, we report widespread Bd infection across 80 frog species from three sites in the lowland Peruvian Amazon, an area with no documented Bd-related amphibian declines. Despite observing no clinical signs of infection in the field, we found that 24-46% of individuals were infected per site (up to ≈105,000 zoospore equivalents per frog) by three Bd strains from the global pandemic lineage (Bd-GPL). We also found collection site and seasonal effects to be only weak predictors of Bd prevalence and load, with lower elevation and drier habitats marginally decreasing both prevalence and load. We found no further effect of host phylogeny, ecotype, or body size. Our results showing high and widespread prevalence across a lowland tropical ecosystem contradict the expectations based on the global pattern of pathogenicity of Bd that is largely restricted to higher elevations and colder temperatures. These findings imply that the lowlands may play a critical role in the spread and persistence of Bd over time and space.",
            "ILLURL": "https://illiad.mst.edu/illiad/illiad.dll/OpenURL?genre=article&aulast=Russell&issn=1932-6203&isbn=&title=PLoS%20ONE&atitle=Widespread%20chytrid%20infection%20across%20frogs%20in%20the%20Peruvian%20Amazon%20suggests%20critical%20role%20for%20low%20elevation%20in%20pathogen%20spread%20and%20persistence&volume=14&part=&issue=10&spage=e0222718&epage=&date=2019-10-16",
            "pmid": "31618214",
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